IP is a network that uses the transmission control protocol standards, and allows two devices on a network to indentify one another, interact with each other and send and receive information to one another via their unique IP numbers.
What is IP? (Internet Protocol Address), TCP/IP (transmission protocol/ internet protocol) are unique numbers that allow devices on a network to identify one another and allows them to send and receive data between themselves. Every pc on the internet has an IP address. An IP address is made up of 4 numbers separated by points, for example your IP address is ‘95.14.151.130’. if a PC has an IP address, any other PC on the Internet can easily access this. So if you know a websites IP address you can connect to this site by simply typing this into the your web browser. But because these numbers are hard to remember they each have their own corresponding domain names. Most internet service providers has the information as to which domain name belongs to which IP address because of their network based on a special server PC. (Domain Name Servers – DNS) and with the right domain name forwards users to the right site. Internet traffic is processed relative to the IP addresses. This way there are no mix ups.
When you connect to the Internet, an IP address is dedicated to your PC. Most users have dynamic Ip addresses, as in your service provider supplies you with any IP address it sees as currently idle. This is why the first digits in the IP change with each connection. Some IP addresses are fixed (static) so their IP addresses never change. Recently, T]rk Telekom has started given the option of a fixed IP address to ADSL users.
There are two Internet Protocols still in use today : IPv4 and IPv6..
IPv4
This is an Internet Protocol still in use and is comprised of 3 bits or in other words, four numbers comprised of 8 bits. These numbers vary between 0 and 255. An address on the IPv4 can be anything between 1.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255. with this protocol, 4 billion addresses can be produced.
IPv6
Because IP addresses are allocated in blocks, some IP addresses cant use the address range. For this reason, in correlation to the rising number of network users, there is a demand for more IP addresses. IPv6 has spawned from this demand. Differing from ipv4, ipv6 has a range of 128 bits, so this means 2128 in total, in other words 3 x 1038 unique addresses in total.
What is TCP/IP?
Information transmission and sharing are done within some rules on the ‘information network’, aka the TCP/IP protocol family. TCP/IP allows computers to execute data transactions and provides organization between units, this way it is made possible to send data from on place to another, thanks to this communication protocol, given the general name of TCP/IP. In other words TCP/IP sets the rules for InterPC communications.
Exemplarily of these protocols are; file sending and receiving protocol (FTP) email transfer protol (SMTP) TELNET protocol( the *login* protocol that makes PC interaction possible). www is the medium that we all know of, that allows link objects to be sent, and the protocol that allows for this is HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol). TCP/IP protocol can at the same tim be used on other communications networks.
LAN usage is commonplace when different types of computers or work stations are to be connected to a network.
Every device with an internet connection needs an allocated address. This address or number makes certain that the information is being transmitted to the right address or for the data to be taken from the right address.
IP addresses are of a 32 bit length and are comprised of for octets separated by points. These numbers can be between 0 and 255. An example IP address is 192.168.10.101. so how does a device know which network it belongs to? For it to detect this is uses its subnet mask. Using its IP address and bitwise AND process it finds its own Netword ID. For every different IP address this subnet mask value is different. And so comes a new concept ; IP Address Classes.
IP ADDRESS CLASSES
A Class Addresses
The first octet in the IP address is between 0 and 127 and if the default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0 this is an A class address. In A class IP addresses the first octet symbolizes the network ID and the other 3 symbolize the host ID. Here the first octet being 0 and 127 is for special purposes and are not used in the network. For example the address 127.0.0.1 is a local loopback address. So class A IP addresses are limited to 126 networks. The formula to determine ho many hostscan be identified on a network with a Class A address is; 224-2. After this procedure the result is a total of 16.777.214 hosts. So where did this 24 come from? To identify hosts on a Class A addrss we use the last 3 (8-bit) octets. So all up we identify hosts using 24 bits. These bits must be either a 0 or a 1. For this reason we can see that the total combinations are 224. The reason why we subtracted 2 from this is because we cant use 0s or 1s because they are for special situations. An example A Class address; 49.19.22.156. the 49 is the ID of the network this IP address belongs to, 19.22.156 is this IP addresses host ID.
B Class Addresses
The first octet in the IP address is between 128 and 191 and if the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 this is a B Class Address.
This means that the first 2 octets is its Network ID and the last 2 is its Host ID. The number of networkds B class addresses can use is 16.384 and for every network there is 65.534 hosts. An example B class address can be shown as 160.75.10.110.
C Class Addresses
If the first octet is between 192 and 223 and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255 then this is a C Class address. So the first 3 octets represent its Network ID and the is its Host Id.
For example lets study the IP address; 192.168.10.101. This is a C class address. We know this from the first octet. The network ID of this address is 192.168.10. The number of networks a C class IP address can use is 2.097.157, and the number of identifiable hosts within each of these is 254.
Apart from these 3 classes of IP addresses there are also D and E class addresses. D class IP addresses are used for multicast publication and E class addresses are reserved for scientific organizations.
Title usage and its effect on Search Engines
It is important for your sites promotion and popularity that you have a god rank in search engines. When a search engine visits yous page, they firstly look at the page heading on the website it is found on and when you search for something on a search engine, the results will be sites that have matching words to your search words in their title.
So what should we look out for when choosing a title for our website?
Basic HTML title tag usage
<head>
<title>page title</title>
</head>
The examples above shows the usage of basic HTML tags. According to HTML standards the title tags are to be amongst head tags.
What to be cautious of when using HTML title tages on your page:
- Be careful to use capital letters for the initials of every word in the title.
- Be careful to use words that properly describe your page content.
- Every page must have a unique title, don’t reuse titles.
- The main page title should be distinct from other websites, be careful of this as we can place our company name and slogan here.
